While taking pictures of braceros at the Monterrey Control Station, photographer Leonord Nadel decided to climb atop a nearby military barracks in order to take this picture of the assembled braceros. A group of Mexican soldiers, however, saw him…
Many people learned about the Bracero Program over the radio. A woman works at home surrounded by a radio, icons, furniture, and a painting of the Virgen de Guadalupe in San Mateo, Mexico.
Original Caption: Home of a bracero's familiy in the village…
Women framed by an arch work and care for children in their San Mateo, Mexico, bracero family home.When the cost of living outstripped wages in villages like San Mateo Atenco, many men enrolled as braceros. Families stayed behind.
Braceros on the long trek to the Monterrey Processing Center, where they will be processed as potential farm workers. The journey to the Monterrey Processing Center was long and arduous, and many had to carry all of their belongings with them.…
On their long dusty trek toward a recruiting center at Monterrey, braceros approach the cross-topped grave of one of their number who died along the way.
Original Caption: The Control Station to which the prospective farm laborers report for…
Original Caption: " In the village of San Mateo, about 20 miles south of Mexico City, approximately 150 braceros leave their homes per hear to work in the United States. The population of the village is about 2500. When work is available, a Mexican…
Original Caption: "Stoop labor" - monotonous, exhausting work - is an operation no machine can do. Men are switched back and forth from hourly to piece-rate jobs at the will of the overseer, and get paid at whichever rate is lower. (Jubilee: A…
Original Caption: "Ben Lopez (on the right) is the field representative for the growers association in the Salinas, Calif. area. Born in New Mexico of Mexican ancestry, he worked for the Dept of Agriculture and then for the growers assn. Here he is…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Sebastián Martínez was born on November 16, 1938, in Saragosa, Texas; as a child he and his family moved to Pecos, Texas; during the fifties, when he was roughly fourteen or fifteen years old, he began working…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Héctor Ponce was born on April 1, 1933, in Valle de Zaragoza, Chihuahua, México; both of his parents worked in agriculture; he was formally educated through the fifth grade; sometime later, he traveled to…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Alberto Montes was born on September 14, 1928, in Huejuquilla el Alto, Jalisco, México; he is the oldest of eight siblings; he never attended formal schooling, and began working in agriculture at age eleven; in…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Cecilio Santillano was born on December 22, 1927, in El Dorado, Chihuahua, México; he was one of three siblings; at age eight, he began working with his father in agriculture; he joined the bracero program in…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Guadalupe González was born on August 1, 1925, in Aguililla, Michoacán, México; at age eight, he began working in the cultivation of rice; he never received formal schooling, and was taught by an aunt to read…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Raúl Canela was born on June 19, 1940, in Emiliano Zapata, Michoacán, México; he received formal education and finished secondary schooling; at age fourteen, he began working in agriculture; at age twenty-two,…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Pedro de Real Pérez was born on October 30, 1927, in Zacatecas, México, to a family of farmers; in 1952, he enlisted in the bracero program; as a bracero, he worked in California, Montana, and Texas; his primary…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Igancio Gómez was born on January 14, 1936, in Michoacán, México; his father died when he was an infant, and his mother later died when he was twelve years old; as the eldest of three children, he began working…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Audómaro Zepeda was born on May 10, 1933, in Jalisco, México; as the second of thirteen siblings he only went to school through the third grade; when he was nine years old, he began working in the fields; his…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Juan Loza was born on October 11, 1939, in Manuel Doblado, Guanajuato, México; he was the eldest of his twelve siblings; in 1960, he joined the bracero program, and he worked in Arkansas, California, Michigan,…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Mr. Ernesto Espino and Mrs. Linda Espino are a married couple; Ernesto’s father, José Ortiz Espino, was a bracero from 1944 to roughly 1954; as a bracero, José worked in Arizona, California, Colorado, and…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Mr. Ernesto Espino and Mrs. Linda Espino are a married couple; Ernesto’s father, José Ortiz Espino, was a bracero from 1944 to roughly 1954; as a bracero, José worked in Arizona, California, Colorado, and…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Guadalupe García was born in La Concha, Sinaloa, México; he was the second eldest of his eleven brothers and three sisters; his parents worked in agriculture and with cattle; he was formally educated through the…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Nemencio Meza was born on October 31, 1931, in Molcaxac, Puebla, México; he has two brothers and two sisters; his parents worked in the fields planting barley, beans, corn, and wheat; he was formally educated…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Jesús Garnica was born July 4, 1929, in Tasco, Guerrero, México, and Esther Garnica was born on August 23, 1934 in Villa Corona, Jalisco, México; Esther came from a family with eight siblings, while Jesús was…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Jesús Garnica was born July 4, 1929, in Tasco, Guerrero, México, and Esther Garnica was born on August 23, 1934 in Villa Corona, Jalisco, México; Esther came from a family with eight siblings, while Jesús was…
Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: María Carmona was born on November 9, 1945, in Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México; she is the daughter of a bracero; at age fifteen, her family moved to the United States with her father, and they all worked on a farm;…