Browse Items (223 total)

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Nicolás Martínez was born on September 9, 1926, in Puebla, México; he came from a family of campesinos, whose main crops were beans and corn; when he was roughly thirty-five years old, he enlisted in the…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Norberto Mata Baylón was born in Coyame, Chihuahua, México, in 1934; he worked in a candle factory when he was only twelve years old, and consequently, had to hide from the boss; in 1956, he went to Chihuahua,…

This notice explains the new procedures for a MICA card in 1958. It states that MICA cards are only to notify that these men have completed their work as braceros. However, the card could be used to enter the country, if and only if, they are still…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Patricio Corrales was born in San Mateo Atenco, México, México; at the age of ten, he began cutting wood and sowing corn with his father; later, he worked in construction and in factories; due to his families…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Pedro Cantor was born on April 27, 1935, in Sacualco de las Torres, Jalisco, México; he is one of four brothers; at age fourteen, he began working in agriculture; he joined the bracero program in 1956, and…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Pedro Carmona Vera was born on May 24, 1924, in Tepatitlán, Jalisco, México; he is the middle child of eight siblings, four boys and four girls; he began working at an early age, and, as a result, he did not…

Pedro de Alba González was born June 7, 1935, in Atotonilquillo, Jalisco, México, but he was raised in Acatlán de Juárez, Jalisco; his parents were campesinos, and he had two brothers and one half brother; Pedro was formally educated through the…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Pedro de Real Pérez was born on October 30, 1927, in Zacatecas, México, to a family of farmers; in 1952, he enlisted in the bracero program; as a bracero, he worked in California, Montana, and Texas; his primary…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Pedro Velázquez was born on May 4, 1939, on a small ranched named El Molino in San Diego de Alejandría, Jalisco, México; his parents worked in agriculture; he was never formally educated; consequently, he did…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Perfecta Rivas de Rodríguez was born in Valparaíso, Zacatecas, México, on December 11, 1947; her mother, Consuelo Garcia, was a housewife, and her father, Juan Rivas Bañuelo, made marble headstones for…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Perfecto Márquez was born in Villa Aldama, Chihuahua, México, in 1936; in 1957, he traveled to Chihuahua, Chihuahua, to begin the hiring process; he worked in the cotton fields of New Mexico and Texas.
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Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Plutarco Chávez Ruiz was born on a ranch in Manuel Doblado, Guanajuato, México, in 1933; he is the youngest of his seven siblings; his parents were agricultural workers; although he was never formally educated,…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Rafael Cortez was born in Techaluta [de Montenegro], Jalisco, México; some of his family members, including uncles and cousins, came to the United States under the bracero program; Rafael longed to come to the…

Nombre del entrevistado: Ramón Ávila Hernández
Fecha de la entrevista: 2 de junio de 2003
Nombre del entrevistador: Laureano Martínez


Esta es una entrevista con el señor Ramón Ávila Hernández, en la ciudad de Durango, Durango, el día 2 de…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Ramón Flores González was born in Juquillo, Jaliso México, on July 10, 1935; he grew up in an agricultural family with four brothers and two sisters; from age five he worked in agriculture; he joined the bracero…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Raúl Canela was born on June 19, 1940, in Emiliano Zapata, Michoacán, México; he received formal education and finished secondary schooling; at age fourteen, he began working in agriculture; at age twenty-two,…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Ray Reaves was born in Missouri, but due to difficulties with his mother’s health, his family moved to Alpine, Texas, when he was an infant; his mother died when he was only four years old, and he was raised by…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Refugio López Saldaña Sandoval was born in Tlaltenango [de Sánchez Román], Zacatecas, México, on December 21, 1939; she was the fourth born of her three brothers and two sisters; her father was a metal worker,…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Richard Hancock was born in Alpine, Texas, on January 19, 1926, but he grew up in New Mexico; he worked with the Foot and Mouth Commission in Jalisco, México; later, he was employed by Doña Ana County as a labor…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Roberto Almaraz Valdivia was born in Tabasco, Zacatecas, México, but raised in Villanueva, Zacatecas; his parents worked in agriculture, and he had four sisters and three brothers; he was formally schooled…

Roberto García Estrada was born in Tepetzingo, [Morelos] México; his father passed away when he was very young; eventually, he had to stop going to school, because the family did not have the money; instead, he began working to help support the…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Roberto García Sánchez was born on May 13, 1933, in El Bueyero, Mexticacán, Jalisco, México; his mother’s name was Dominga Sánchez, and his father’s name was Cruz García; Robert had eight siblings, but two of…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Roberto Heynes was born on May 1, 1917, in Tepehuanes, Durango, México; he was the youngest of four siblings; their parents died when he was only a year old, and they were raised by their maternal relatives;…

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Roberto Ponce Covarrubias was born in Camargo, Chihuahua, México in 1929; he helped his father work the land; his father was 108 years old when he passed away, and his mother was 104 years old when she passed;…