Linda Espino

Linda Espino

Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Mr. Ernesto Espino and Mrs. Linda Espino are a married couple; Ernesto’s father, José Ortiz Espino, was a bracero from 1944 to roughly 1954; as a bracero, José worked in Arizona, California, Colorado, and Nebraska; during the time that he was away, his family lived in México, Distrito Federal; when Ernesto was five years old, his father completed his last bracero contract, and shortly thereafter, the family moved to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México, in order to arrange for residency.

Summary of Interview: Mr. Ernesto Espino and Mrs. Linda Espino are a married couple that discuss the time during which Ernesto’s father, José Ortiz Espino, was a bracero; José was a bracero from 1944 to roughly 1954; as a bracero, he worked in Arizona, California, Colorado, and Nebraska, for several companies such as Southern Pacific Railroad and the Great Western Sugar Company; at the time Ernesto was born, his father was working in the United States as a bracero, and he didn’t meet his son until he was nine months old; Ernesto goes on to discuss his father’s visits home between contracts, and the letters and postcards they received while he was gone; he describes how his father left behind a legacy of hard work and sacrifice that he is proud to inherit; Ernesto and Linda speak about José’s work with the Coors Company after being a bracero, and how he was ultimately able to obtain citizenship in the United States; in addition, Linda discusses stories Ernesto’s mother had told her including when she and José were married, events concerning Ernesto’s siblings, and José’s early life Zimapán, Hidalgo, México.

Loza, Mireya

Espino, Linda

2005-11-12

Daughter-in-law of bracero

Cristóbal Borges

Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso

eng

Ernesto Espino

Linda Espino

Loza, Mireya

Cristóbal A. Borges

Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso

Mini Disc

25:42

24 bit
96 k

Loza, Mireya

Espino, Linda

El Paso, Texas

[Mins 0:00-4:04; Mexican Labor] Ernesto reflects that his father, a Bracero, José Ortiz Espino, had the opportunity to aid the United States when it needed him most. He expresses that being a Bracero was difficult because of racism. Ernesto speaks at length about equality and sacrifice. He states that he is most proud that his parents left him an “inheritance” of self-sacrifice, “giving their lives” to serve the United States. Ernesto is proud to be Mexican. He speaks about the current debate over immigration and Mexican labor.

[Mins 4:05-6:39; Ernesto’s Early Life] Ernesto is one of six siblings. Ernesto was not alive when José first became a Bracero, but as a child, he remembers that José would come and go often. He remarks that separation from family is more difficult than hard labor. During José’s term as a Bracero, Ernesto and his family lived in Ciudad de México, Distrito Federal, México. Ernesto was five years old when José ceased to be a Bracero. Afterwards, José and his family moved to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México in order to legalize their residency. Ernesto is grateful to José for bringing his family to the United States.

[Mins 6:40-7:47; José’s Visits Home] Ernesto recalls a lot of tears of joy when José would return home in between contracts. He says that there would be joy not only because of José’s return, but also because he would bring dollars home, bringing more stability to the family. Ernesto remembers that José’s visits were very short.

[Mins 7:48-9:35; José’s Places of Work] José worked as a Bracero in Nebraska, and in Fresno, California for Southern Pacific Railroad and somewhere else [Denver, Colorado] for The Great Western Sugar Company. Linda, Ernesto’s wife, remarks that José also had worked in San Francisco, California because she has in her possession a pamphlet that belonged to José about the Golden Gate Bridge. Ernesto remembers that José used to send the family postcards from the United States.

[Mins 9:36-13:07; Family Recollections] Linda recounts some events that Ernesto’s mother had told her about Ernesto’s siblings. José did not meet his first-born son until his son was nine months old because he was in the United States on a Bracero contract. José wrote letters and sent money to his family while he was a Bracero. Ernesto’s family did not have a telephone at the time. José was originally from Zimapán, Hidalgo, México but moved to Ciudad de México and met his wife there. José worked for Coors Company for twenty-three years after completing his Bracero work. Ernesto’s mother’s older brother was also a Bracero in Fresno, but did not enjoy the experience.

[Mins 13:08-14:42; Legalizing Residency] Ernesto relates that the owner of Coors, Mr. Azer, helped José legalize his residency. Mr. Azer was impressed with the carving work that José had accomplished, so he paid his entrance fee of one thousand dollars and wrote him a letter of recommendation.

[Mins 14:43-17:34; José’s Early Life] José’s parents were agricultural workers. His older brother worked in the silver mines in the Mexican state of Hidalgo, but died of a condition related to the lungs. José’s mother did not want José to work in the mines, so she sent him to a relative’s home in Ciudad de México when he was small. He first attended school in Ciudad de México but dropped out because he disliked it.

[Mins 17:35-21:31; José’s Marriage] Ernesto’s mother was seventeen or eighteen when she married José. Three months after marrying, José went to the United States as a Bracero.

[Mins 21:32-End; Post-Bracero Work] Ernesto’s godfather taught José how to carve wood after he finished his Bracero work. Linda describes his woodwork at length.

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