2 25 2556 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. I worked with the bracero on my way out to San Francisco. i needed to raise some money forthe trip so i ended up picking grapes with several of them, sharing their camp and eventually falling iin love with one of their women. we had many drunken nights swiftly rambling across the old west. their memory still haunts and delights me. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource I worked with braceros Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource jack roberts Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource jack roberts Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) No Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Braceros vineyards Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. hi my name is luis gerrardo lopez and mi granpa justo work as a bracero wen he was 20 years old he said that wen he was living in ROMITA. G.T.O.the alcalde was hiering people to work in the U.S.A.like a bracero and he dind have any money to give to hes family he said that he was going to work in texas but from ROMITA they send him to REYNOSA and from REYNOSA to texsas hidalgo and he started workin their picking cotton and pickles but he told me that they had a fumigation process and that they hve to take their close of for the fumigation and that they justo eat bolonia whit hamburger bred and that they justo sleep on a catre insied a hOUSE well this is mi story and sorry for mi spelling .aim trying to contac you Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource my father was a bracero Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource luis lopez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource luis lopez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource You are being asked to contribute your story to the Bracero History Archive, which is developing a permanent digital record of the Bracero program. Your participation in the project will allow future historians, and people such as yourself, to gain a greater understanding of this program and its effect on the people involved.<br />You must be 13 years of age or older to submit material to us. Your submission of material constitutes your permission for, and consent to, its dissemination and use in connection with the Bracero History Archive in all media in perpetuity. If you have so indicated on the form, your material will be published on the Bracero History Archive website (with or without your name, depending on what you have indicated). Otherwise, your response will only be available to approved researchers using the Bracero History Archive. The material you submit must have been created by you, wholly original, and shall not be copied from or based, in whole or part, upon any other photographic, literary, or other material, except to the extent that such material is in the public domain. Further, such material must not violate any confidentiality, privacy, security or other laws.<br />By submitting to the Bracero History Archive you release, discharge, and agree to hold harmless the Bracero History Archive and persons acting under its permission or authority, including a public library to which the collection might be donated for purposes of long-term preservation, from any claims or liability arising out of the Bracero History Archive's use of the material, including, without limitation, claims for violation of privacy, defamation, or misrepresentation.<br />The Bracero History Archive has no obligation to use your material. Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. I grew up in Ventura County, California in the 1960s. Every summer the braceros would magically appear, working in the agricultural fields surrounding our tiny town of Somis. They would stay for a few months and then just as magically disappear – headed north, we heard. I was curious about them, and to be honest a little afraid of them. They seemed rough and tough and free, quite unlike anyone else I had ever seen. The summer after my freshman year in high school I was able to get a job working in the fields. I was the only “gringo” kid in the crew and, although I could work almost as hard and as long as the braceros, the fact that I could speak Spanish really made a difference. I was invited to join them for lunch and for their morning and afternoon “taco breaks”, and they taught me words that were much more colorful than those I learned in Spanish class. I had asthma as a kid and one day I came to work after a particularly difficult bout, still having difficulty breathing. I knew that if I worked in the sun for a few hours I would probably be OK, but I wasn’t sure I could make it. We were all supposed to work our way down the field rows at the same pace, and if you fell behind or were seen helping someone else you could find yourself in a lot of trouble. The field boss was in a particularly foul mood that day, which only made matters worse. I began to fall behind and was growing really worried when the bracero in the row to my left began stealthily working my row in addition to his own. Then the one to my right began doing the same thing. Neither of them said a word, but both of them were risking the wrath of the field boss just to help me. We worked this way for about two hours until I was able to handle it myself. I have never forgotten those acts of kindness or the generosity of spirit they showed. They demonstrated in a very personal way the real purpose of the bracero program, extending an arm to help a neighbor. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Acts of Kindness Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ron Taylor Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ron Taylor Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource You are being asked to contribute your story to the Bracero History Archive, which is developing a permanent digital record of the Bracero program. Your participation in the project will allow future historians, and people such as yourself, to gain a greater understanding of this program and its effect on the people involved.<br />You must be 13 years of age or older to submit material to us. Your submission of material constitutes your permission for, and consent to, its dissemination and use in connection with the Bracero History Archive in all media in perpetuity. If you have so indicated on the form, your material will be published on the Bracero History Archive website (with or without your name, depending on what you have indicated). Otherwise, your response will only be available to approved researchers using the Bracero History Archive. The material you submit must have been created by you, wholly original, and shall not be copied from or based, in whole or part, upon any other photographic, literary, or other material, except to the extent that such material is in the public domain. Further, such material must not violate any confidentiality, privacy, security or other laws.<br />By submitting to the Bracero History Archive you release, discharge, and agree to hold harmless the Bracero History Archive and persons acting under its permission or authority, including a public library to which the collection might be donated for purposes of long-term preservation, from any claims or liability arising out of the Bracero History Archive's use of the material, including, without limitation, claims for violation of privacy, defamation, or misrepresentation.<br />The Bracero History Archive has no obligation to use your material. Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes bracero kindness Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. My father was born in 1919 in Rockdale Illinois, the son of a poor Mexican worker. Even though he was a U.S. citizen, he was deported and was only able to re-enter though the Bracero program. He did manual labor all his life and raised 4 college-educated sons to become exemplary U.S. Mexican-American citizens. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource come or go Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ricardo Villalobos Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ricardo Villalobos Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) No Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes deported brazero program Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. MY PAPA CAME TO THE US AS A BRACERO IN THE EARLY 1940'S FROM A SMALL VILLAGE IN MICHOCHAN, MEXICO...HE WAS AN ORPHAN AND BEGAN WORKING AS A YOUNG BOY IN MEXICO...HIS AUNT RAISED HIM...HE ONLY HAD A 3RD GRADE EDUCATION...BUT HE COULD READ AND WRITE...WHEN HE WAS A YOUNG MAN...THE VILLAGE HAD BEEN BULLETED WITH FLIERS ABOUT WORK IN THE US...HE TOLD HIS AUNT HE WAS GOING TO FIND OUT IT...HE NEVER RETURNED HOME. THEY SAW A STRONG YOUNG MAN AND BOARDED HIM ON THE TRAIN WITH OTHERS AND HE BEGAN WORKING IN THE FIELDS OF SO. MONTEREY COUNTY. HE TOILED IN THE FIELDS WITH NO WATER, LITTLE FOOD AND OFTEN FILLED WITH MAGGETS...HE TOLD THE WORKERS NOT TO EAT THE FOOD...HE BECAME AN ADVOCATE FOR DECENT HUMAN CONDITIONS FOR THE BRACEROS...WHAT LITTLE MONEY HE MADE SENT IT BACK TO MEXICO. IN THE LATE 1940'S HE SETTLED IN SAN JUAN BAUTISTA, CA...HE WORKED AS COOK IN BOARDING HOUSE FOR BRACEROS BY NOW AND MET HIS WIFE, CARMEN MURO...THEY WOULD HAVE 8 CHILDREN...MANY OF HAVE RECEIVED A COLLEGE DEGREE, ONE A MASTER'S DEGREE...AND IN 2008 HE PASSED AWAY AT THE AGE OF 95...STILL ABLE TO TELL HIS STORIES OF HIS JOURNEY INTO THE US. AT THE AGE OF OF 82 YEARS OLD HE BECAME A US CITIZEN...REALIZING HE NEVER GOING TO RETURN HOME TO MEXICO. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource CRISPIN G. ESPINOSA...LA ENTRADA A USA DE BRACERO Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource CONSUELO ESPINOSA Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource CONSUELO ESPINOSA Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) No Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/rochin-mkt-cr-acapulco-~-1949_4581b9f4da.jpg 21d246dc385dbd4b9c40ae21bfabcdee Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 360 Height 135 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC String Array ( ) Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource C&R Provisions in 1949, behind Rochin grocery store (left side of pic) & Rochin restaurant on right side of pic. Subject The topic of the resource Bracero Description An account of the resource C&R Provisions in 1949, behind Rochin grocery store (left side of pic) & Rochin restaurant on right side of pic.Refugin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1949 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Refugio Rochin Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/06-planada-1947-isabel_a79346825d.pdf 657830e1ed69dc39a7f3706db1ef67c4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 6. Martinez and Castruita Families Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1947 Description An account of the resource 06. Pictured: Grace Castruita, Isabel Martinez (Alba), Rosie Castruita (Martinez), Christina Martinez (Gonzalez), and Veronica Guadalupe “Lupe” Martinez (Curtis) picking figs in Planada, California, circa 1947. Married names shown in parentheses. The Castruita and Martinez families of Baldwin Park, and Claremont, California picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. *Daniel Martinez (photographer) is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Baldwin Park. Castruita Chicano Claremont Daniel Martinez Gabriel Valley Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/05-planada-1947-lupe_0593655c20.pdf 59627dac6fbc0bcf425f179297cedcf4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 5. Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1941 Description An account of the resource 05. Pictured (clockwise): Grace Castruita, Isabel Martinez (Alba), Higinio Castruita, Veronica Guadalupe “Lupe” Martinez (Curtis), and Rosie Castruita (Martinez), picking figs in Planada, California, circa 1947. Married names are shown in parenthesis. The Castruita and Martinez families of Baldwin Park, and Claremont, California picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. *Daniel Martinez (photographer) is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Baldwin Park Castruita Chicano Claremont Daniel Martinez Gabriel Valley Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/04-planada-1947-christina_52b632d64b.pdf 81d263e0ab896b0d2188ce8bedbd0cc3 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 4. Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1947 Description An account of the resource 04. Pictured: Christina Martinez (Gonzalez) picking figs in Planada, California, circa 1947. Married names are shown in parenthesis. The Martinez family lived in Claremont, California. During the 1940s, the children, who were U.S. citizens, picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. This photo shows family members picking Kadota figs in Planada, California. *Daniel Martinez (photographer) is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Chicano Claremont Daniel Martinez Gabriel Valley Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/02-planada-1947-cheva_christina_d4bbe28f3b.pdf b3cb4d85b8a438fd29fc482f28f3a574 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2. Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1947 Description An account of the resource CORRECTED TEXT 02. Pictured: Eusevia Martinez (Garcia) and Christina Martinez (Gonzalez) picking figs in Planada, California, circa 1947. Married names are shown in parenthesis. The Martinez family lived in Claremont, California. During the 1940s, the children, who were U.S. citizens, picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. This photo shows family members picking Kadota figs in Planada, California. *Daniel Martinez (photographer) is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Chicano Claremont. Daniel Martinez Gabriel Valley Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/03--planada-1947-rosie_760ed58f53.pdf 2cd299214d98f8dd2ddf053c4742dfb8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 3. Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1947 Description An account of the resource 03. Pictured: Rosa Castruita (Martinez) picking figs in Planada, California, circa 1947. Married names are shown in parenthesis. The Castruita and Martinez families of Baldwin Park, and Claremont, California picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. *Daniel Martinez (photographer) is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Baldwin Park. Castruita Chicano Claremont Daniel Martinez Gabriel Valley Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/02-plaada-1947-cheva_christina_d99e3681e4.pdf b3cb4d85b8a438fd29fc482f28f3a574 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 2. Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1947 Description An account of the resource 02. Pictured: Eusevia Martinez (Garcia) and Christina Martinez (Gonzalez) picking figs in Planada, California, circa 1947. Married names are shown in parenthesis. The Martinez family lived in Claremont, California. During the 1940s, the children, who were U.S. citizens, picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. This photo shows Daniel Fernandez Martinez of Claremont and two of his nine children picking Kadota figs in Planada, California. *Daniel Martinez (photographer)is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Chicano Claremont. Daniel Martinez Gabriel Valley Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/01-planada-daniel(s)_cheva--1941_c0ebc96bf3.pdf f0434cbc5fa7a1500d0522b23b6cd836 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource . Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1941 Description An account of the resource 01. Pictured: Eusevia Martinez (age 16), Daniel Fernandez Martinez (age 45) and Daniel Martinez *(age 12), circa 1941, Planada, California. The Martinez family lived in Claremont, California. During the 1940s, the children, who were U.S. citizens, picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. This photo shows Daniel Fernandez Martinez of Claremont and two of his nine children picking Kadota figs in Planada, California. *Daniel Martinez (son) is author of Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Chicano Claremont. Daniel Martinez Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada San Gabriel Valley Thesis https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/01-planada-daniel(s)_cheva--1941_64fcf351ed.pdf f0434cbc5fa7a1500d0522b23b6cd836 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1. Martinez Family Harvesting Alongside Braceros, 1941 Description An account of the resource 1 of 6 photos. Pictured: Eusevia Martinez (age 16), Daniel Fernandez Martinez (age 45) and Daniel Martinez *(age 12), circa 1941, Planada, California. The Martinez family lived in Claremont, California. During the 1940s, the children, who were U.S. citizens, picked fruit alongside Braceros both locally in the San Gabriel Valley, and as migrant workers throughout California’s Central Valley. This photo shows Daniel Fernandez Martinez of Claremont and two of his nine children picking Kadota figs in Planada, California. *Daniel Martinez (son) is author of the Thesis “The Impact of Bracero Programs on a Southern California Community”, pub. 1958 (also available on the Bracero Archive). Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) No Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes Baldwin Park. Castruita Chicano Claremont Daniel Martinez Martinez Mexican-American Migrant Planada San Gabriel Valley Thesis Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. RE: the Bracero History Archive: I am Refugio I. Rochin, Professor Emeritus of UC Davis and Santa Cruz and native of San Diego County. I was born in May 1941 and worked with my father who was under contract to provide Bracero Labor camps with food and related provisions from 1941 through 1964, the year the program ended. I believe that little has been written about the relationships developed between Bracero hosting corporations and U.S. service providers, especially Hispanics (Mexican-Americans) in business. I am writing to make sure that the Bracero story is told in terms of its spin-offs, corporate ties and the impact of Bracero contracts in San Diego county. For example, Sunkist and avocado growers (also called associations) developed camps and facilities for Bracero workers in San Diego county to live in during the time they harvested and processed vegetables, avocados, oranges and lemons. The camps they developed would hold (by my recollection) 25 to 300 workers each. Relatively large camps were located in Fallbrook, Vista and Escondido California. Each camp was built of wood and appeared to be modeled like US military barracks. The workers (all men) slept in bunk-beds, closely lined with boxes for each for personal items. Workers used open showers and did their laundry - much like soldiers of their day. Workers ate together in "mess-halls." They used metal trays for food and regular glasses for drinks. The quality of food varied by camp, cooks and staples provided by the companies. Camps that specialized in "Mexican food" kept their workers content. Camps that did not serve Mexican food experienced some protests and worker flight. I know this from personal experience. My father was one of the first contractors in San Diego county who worked successfully for Sunkist growers, serving Mexican food with fresh tortillas, lots of beans and rice and meat. The camps served by my father often had workers from other camps seeking "sanctuary" at the Sunkist camps. My father developed a wholesale business called C&R Provisions in Oceanside. He learned from personal experience as an immigrant farmworker (beginning at 15 years of age) the importance of home cooking and service. The 'C' in C&R stood for Castorena (Manuel) and the 'R' for Rochin (Refugio). Manuel Castorena (Spanish origin) was my fathers friend and our neighbor. He became the first mayor of Carlsbad California - also the founder of Carlsbad's acclaimed school for gems. Refugio Rochin (my father - born in Sinaloa Mexico in 1908) was a wholesaler of Mexican produce and owner of Mexican grocery stores and restaurants. Through the restaurants he befriended (mostly through the Rotary Club) some of Sunkist's executives. One, in particular, Roy Workman, who was married to a Mexican, was responsible for contract workers. Roy liked my dad and handled my dad's special contracts with Sunkist. Together, C&R and Sunkist developed contracts to feed workers at Sunkist labor camps. C&R Provisions also picked up several other farm labor camps in San Diego county. The business relationship led to C&R becoming a successful operation, supplying Mexican food and related supplies (e.g corn husks for tamales, spices, tortilla presses) in the region. I can relate more since I started working with my father in C&R from the time I was 10 years old. I was born in May 1941. When I was 16 - 1957 - I had my own delivery route and went to camps in Fallbrook, Vista, San Marcos and Escondido. I also delivered to my father's close friend - actor Leo Carrillo. He purchased my fathers' specially aged prime rib and Mexican food for his parties and friends - some I met were old time movie stars, Conrad Hilton, and corporate executives. At the time, Leo was always in the Rose Parade and rode his beautiful gold stallions, all dressed with silver saddle, etc. For verification, contact: Gerry Streff. Visit: www.carrillo-ranch.org Leo Carrillo was referred to as Mr Republican. My father was a Republican and my mother a Democrat - mostly because of social ties, not because of political agendas. The Julian Samora Research Institute at Michigan State University published booklet that my mother wrote, covering aspects of the Rochin business and bracero program. It lends credence to my account above. It also shows the affect of my father's work and friends in her life. She provides another perspective of the Mexican business community, beginning with her birth in 1913 in Colton California. http://jsri.msu.edu/RandS/books/juanita/index.shtml Let me know if you have questions or interest in other Bracero related work. I can relate, for example, how la migra (US border patrol) raided our restaurant and harassed our Mexican workers - legal or not. This story continues today. Refugio Refugio I. Rochin, PhD Professor & Research Director, Emeritus, UC Davis and UC Santa Cruz Founding Director, Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives rrochin at ucdavis.edu http://works.bepress.com/refugio_rochin/ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hispanic Business and Bracero Workers Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Refugio Rochin Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Refugio Rochin Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes braceros in san diego county contract food provisions Hispanic business Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. My mother Ana Maria de la Rosa Codina helped process Braceros in McAllen, Texas. She would type the applications. She said that many braceros would reverse their last names (mother/father's names) because they knew that that was the custom in the US. Then these names would be reversed again by the processors! Edward Codina ecodina at earthlink.net Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource secretary Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Edward Codina Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Edward Codina Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) No Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes McAllen processor secretary texas https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/danielmartinezthesis_d24a05a438.pdf fadc4b642b5aec76a7ff3091936fab84 Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daniel Martinez Thesis, "The Impact of the Bracero Programs on a Southern California Mexican American Community: A Field Study of Cucamonga, California", pub. 1958 Description An account of the resource This pdf file is the thesis by Daniel Martinez published in 1958 at Claremont Graduate School. The author attended the September 30, 2009 program at the National Museum of American History, participated in the discussion, and was asked to submit this document to the online Bracero Archive. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Daniel Martinez Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Daniel Martinez Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes 1958 California community impact Cucamonga Daniel Martinez field study interviews Mexican-Americans Thesis Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Text Any textual data included in the document. My grand father used to tell me that when he came to the United States as a bracero the Americans will fumigated him with a powder to disinfect him and to all the braceros. That powder which I don’t recall the name of it, can cause cancer and many other illness. My grandfather also used to tell me that because his blond hair and blue eyes he will be aloud to buy food or beer from Caucasian stores and he will play that he was deft and mute, he will get bear and goodies for his other bracero friends. This is sad and so discriminating. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Mi Abuelo el Bracero, My bracero grandpa Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Claudia Brunet Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Claudia Brunet Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Testing Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. Yes Submission Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to submit this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Posting Consent Indicates whether or not the contributor of this Item has given permission to post this to the archive. (Yes/No) Yes Contributor is Creator Indicates whether or not the contributor of the Item is responsible for its creation. Yes https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/leisei_ark16_17933906e6.mp3 f995de40454ca4343576e8914d5db2bb Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Julie Weise Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Bernard Lipsey Location The location of the interview. Memphis, Tennessee Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:00:00 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24k/ 96 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Leisei_ARK16 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Bernard Lipsey Description An account of the resource Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Bernard Lipsey was born in October of 1945; he was born in a hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, but he was raised in Lepanto, Arkansas; his parents opened a grocery store in 1948; during the fifties, eighty percent of their business came from braceros; all the stores in town began expanding so much that by the time the bracero program ended, they had already lost too much money; his parents’ store eventually closed in 1963. Summary of Interview: Mr. Lipsey talks about his parents and what the small town of Lepanto, Arkansas was like while he was growing up; he came from an agricultural community that was predominately white and adhered to segregation practices; in 1948, his parents opened a grocery store; they had an agreement with people bringing braceros into town and would open the store at whatever time the men were transferred; each bracero received $5.00 to buy groceries; sometimes, they would get into small groups of five to make their money stretch further; Bernard’s parents even gave the men sandwiches and a drink to ensure they would keep returning; their supplies were delivered to the camp sites; oftentimes, they went into town on Saturdays, after getting paid; even so, interactions were kept separate, and they only socialized among themselves; in addition, they were only there for three months, and as a result no one knew them; Bernard speculates that some of the men surely disappeared for speaking to the wrong person or saying the wrong thing, and no one ever noticed; even so, during the fifties, eighty percent of their business came from braceros; they inevitably changed the entire economy of the town; store owners became more market conscious and adapted their products to their consumers; they began selling boots, jeans, radios and luggage; Bernard even mentions that part of the family store was converted into a small department store, and they even sold jewelry; all the stores in town began expanding so much that as mechanization took over and the braceros stopped going, they lost too much money; his parents’ store eventually closed in 1963. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julie Weise Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource EN Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource Bernard Lipsey Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julie Weise Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource EN Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Bernard Lipsey creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Julie Weise Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/nichols_ark20_55813333a9.mp3 635a56c56a2940748266d45f4963a579 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Loza, Mireya Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Nichols, Wayne Location The location of the interview. Jonesboro, Arkansas Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 51:12 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Nichols_ARK20 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Wayne Nichols Subject The topic of the resource Memories of braceros working on farm Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Loza, Mireya Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource The Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource Eng Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource Wayne Nichols Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Wayne Nichols contributor (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'contributor' Dublin Core field. Loza, Mireya https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/gray_ark11_556db394bd.mp3 41781fb07d118ce0c8b31105e5f14f8f Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Mike Bowman Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. John Gray Location The location of the interview. Hot Springs, Arkansas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital, WAV, MP3 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:08:40 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 k/ 96 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Gray_ARK11 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Gray Description An account of the resource Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: John G. Gray was raised in Monette, Arkansas; his father owned a grocery store in town and eventually started farming as well; John later married in 1954 and left home; two years later, his father passed away, and he came back home to help take over the farm; in 1957, he hired braceros to help pick cotton; he also served as a secretary for the local association and helped coordinate which braceros went where. Summary of Interview: Mr. Gray briefly talks about his father who passed away in 1956 and how he went back home afterward to help take over the farm; although his father had mechanical pickers, it was too wet to use them in 1957, and John had to employ the help of braceros; he explains that at the time, farmers were financed through cotton gins, which is how they were able to hire braceros; they were transported to the gins in trailer trucks with open backs, where they all stood to accommodate greater numbers; John spoke a little bit of Spanish and served as a secretary for the local association to help coordinate which braceros went where; he kept groups of braceros together as often as he could; the farmers were responsible for providing housing, bedding, stoves, pots, pans and two burners for every three men; in addition, each bracero was given $5.00 and taken to the store to buy groceries; he also explains that the town of Caraway, Arkansas had a population of one thousand people, and the five thousand men that the bracero program brought provided a huge boost in the economy; most braceros were particularly drawn to buying pocket knives; John relates a humorous incident in which his men tried to cook soybeans to eat, but they became very ill due to the excessive oil; he even tried to take them into town for a drink once, but he lost too many of them in the whore house and decided not to do that again; even so, he remembers thinking of himself as pretty tough, but the braceros even outworked him; until then he had never seen anyone work as hard. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mike Bowman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource English Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource John Gray Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mike Bowman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource English Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. John Gray creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Mike Bowman Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/beasley_ark05_c12e5edc65.mp3 f319ad5d966a57e8a1182e6f008fd2d3 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Mireya Loza Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Vance E. Beasley Location The location of the interview. Heth, Arkansas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital, WAV, MP3 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 59:56 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 k/ 96 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Beasley_ARK05 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Vance E. Beasley Subject The topic of the resource Farmer Description An account of the resource Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Vance E. Beasley was born on March 11, 1916, in Heber Springs, Arkansas; in 1927, his family moved to Heth, Arkansas; he was the third eldest of his six siblings, four brothers and two sisters; with the exception of one of his sisters, the rest of his siblings passed away; he was educated in public schools, but he often went in late and left early in order to help with the crops; in 1939, he graduated from the University of Arkansas with a degree in agriculture; soon after he married, and he and his wife had three children; he later went on to help his father and brother with their farming partnership, CJ Beasley and Sons. Summary of Interview: Mr. Beasley describes his family and what his life was like growing up; he also talks about his wife and children; during the midfifties, his father asked him to help with the family farm and the partnership of CJ Beasley and Sons; the dwindling labor supply led to their hiring of braceros, particularly for help with cotton, their primary crop; they took on thirty-five to forty braceros per season, and they stayed for contracts of roughly two and a half months; the farmers were required to provide basic necessities such as housing, bedding and cooking supplies; in addition, the braceros were given picking sacks, which were roughly seven feet long and could hold up to one hundred pounds; there was always at least one man in the group of braceros who spoke English and served as a leader; he would receive pay for all the workers and distribute it accordingly; he was also responsible for helping the men buy groceries; Vance repeatedly mentions the incredible work ethic of the braceros; they picked cotton better than any other workers; in fact, he mentions an instance in which he hired workers from Memphis, Tennessee, but they drank too much and did not pick the row of cotton as clean as the braceros did; he found it easier to pay them to leave; eventually, mechanization took over and eliminated the need for manual labor, which in his opinion, ultimately led to the end of the bracero program. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mireya Loza Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource English Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource Vance E. Beasley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Mireya Loza Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource English Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Vance E. Beasley creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Mireya Loza Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/beasley_ark04_df7c0db9a4.mp3 14dfd394d87f9f203a4edea32190cf5f Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Melany Bowman Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Thom E. Beasley Location The location of the interview. Jonesboro, Arkansas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital, WAV, MP3 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 1:00:44 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 k/ 96 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Beasley_ARK04 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Thom E. Beasley Subject The topic of the resource Farmer Description An account of the resource Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee: Thom E. Beasley was born in 1949, in East Central Arkansas, between Hughes and Forrest City, Arkansas; his grandfather, father and uncle owned a farming partnership by the name of CJ Beasley and Sons; they had roughly five thousand acres of land, one thousand five hundred of which were dedicated to cotton alone; they hired workers throughout the duration of the bracero program. Summary of Interview: Mr. Beasley talks about his family as well as the farming partnership owned by his grandfather, father and uncle, by the name of CJ Beasley and Sons; although the bracero program began before Thom was born, he remembers braceros being around as he was growing up, until the program ended in 1964; the braceros came to the farm headquarters, and from there they were taken to tenant houses in school buses; they slept in bunk beds and were supplied with mattresses, blankets, cooking and heating stoves and propane; although there was no indoor plumbing, they did have outhouses; moreover, they stayed in the same places the year-round employees did; oftentimes, the same braceros were hired; Thom recalls that one of their biggest complaints was about the water, because it gave them gas due to the high levels of calcium and iron; if they were ever sick, they were taken to the doctor in town; the braceros’ daily routine consisted of making and eating breakfast very early, and then picking in the fields until 11:00 AM, at which point they made lunch and took a siesta until about 2:30 PM, before returning to pick until dark; there were never any problems with their siesta, because they prepared their food from scratch and still managed to out produce everyone else; braceros often picked an average of five hundred pounds of cotton per day; some picked up to seven hundred pounds; Thom repeatedly mentions how amazed and impressed they all were at the braceros’ work ethic; he also mentions a curious incident in which a few years after the program ended, he found a field of marijuana growing behind the tenant houses where the braceros had lived. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Melaney Bowman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-26 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource English Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource Thom E. Beasley Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Melaney Bowman Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-28 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource English Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Thom E. Beasley creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Melany Bowman Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/anthony_ark01_979f3b05eb.mp3 aad2137cd8dc4c2eab74081c52045f19 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Julie Weise Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Ben Anthony, Jr. Location The location of the interview. Marianna, Arkansas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital, WAV, MP3 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 23:01 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24 k/ 96 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Anthony_ARK01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Ben Anthony, Jr. Subject The topic of the resource Discusses working alongside braceros Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julie Weise Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso Language A language of the resource ENG Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource Ben Anthony, Jr. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Julie Weise Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Language A language of the resource ENG Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Ben Anthony, Jr. creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Julie Weise Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/abbot_john_ark26_58925e3204.mp3 5cee7cff51fb26f2f346bc642e6edad4 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview. Brady Banta Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed. Jonathan Abbott Location The location of the interview. Blytheville, Arkansas Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digital, WAV, MP3 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 41:40 Bit Rate/Frequency Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio) 24k/96 bit File Name Identifier The identifier for the sound file. Abbott_ARK26 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Jonathan Abbott Subject The topic of the resource Discusses housing and social interactions with braceros at the Stallings farm in Arkansas. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brady Banta Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2008-09-24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource University of Texas at El Paso, Institute of Oral History Language A language of the resource Eng Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Dublin Core (Spanish) Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set. Title A name given to the resource Jonathan Abbott Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Brady Banta Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. title (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field. Jonathan Abbott creator (Spanish) Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field. Brady Banta Rights Holder Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso