119 25 3209 https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401385632.jpg 2f8194b40fd1c598f4f9973bb658676e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.56.32; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.56.32; Roll #: 56 Title A name given to the resource Braceros fill lettuce into Cookie Head lettuce boxes and close them in a field in the Salinas Valley, California. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Salinas Valley, California Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401385633.jpg 6299b97f5b713fee4cf91bf5793b96a6 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.56.33; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.56.33; Roll #: 56 Title A name given to the resource Braceros fill lettuce into Cookie Head lettuce boxes and close them in a field in the Salinas Valley, California. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Salinas Valley, California Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401385634.jpg 2dc5d1c8a8c0b55047c15b5438ff5bf0 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 16 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.56.34; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.56.34; Roll #: 56 Title A name given to the resource A bracero carries a full Cookie Head lettuce box on a trolley in a field in the Salinas Valley, California. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Salinas Valley, California Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381208.jpg 06c8c7c8589a0b3e8a98e03c2f268e7e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Description An account of the resource After a long journey to the border, braceros walk across the bridge between Reynosa, Mexico and Hidalgo, Texas. In the United States, braceros went through health inspections and processing, and then boarded buses and trailer trucks to begin work in nearby farms. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 6. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.08; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.08; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource After a long journey to the border, braceros walk across the bridge between Reynosa, Mexico and Hidalgo, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Reynosa-Hidalgo Bridge Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381209.jpg 0cf2d466e60e0f90e191ed127accb662 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 6. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.09; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.09; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros walk over the bridge to Hidalgo, Texas coming from Reynosa, Nuevo Leﾗn and cross the border between Mexico and United States. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Reynosa-Hidalgo Bridge Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381212censored.jpg 66bd45013d735c38223a982c00df35d5 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: yes; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.12; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.12; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros were fumigated with DDT while others stand in line at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381213censored.jpg e9e9d3d80556a245390aba582f247f57 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: yes; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.13; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.13; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros were fumigated with DDT while others stand in line at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381214censored.jpg 0de92c899ade2a8ff13199cd23b6ca4b Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: yes; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.14; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.14; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros were fumigated with DDT while others stand in line at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381215.jpg b7907dec676b6172d699ca6dc4b4e1c4 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.15; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.15; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros wait to be processed at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381234.jpg 3e17f9fd1036c1a2c7a827908f9629de Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.34; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.34; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros board a truck at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381235.jpg 91b6d3885ee927fd8a5b1d560acbc8ea Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.35; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.35; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381236.jpg eb4b30f3d98914665571bacb3bb5eb55 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.36; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.36; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381237.jpg 57fa5a331b5c0029b180a2176065f8ca Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.12.37; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.12.37; Roll #: 12 Title A name given to the resource Braceros sit in a truck and wait to leave the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401381431.jpg 9fbe9f92a243afeca8035c4b777a8a88 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 7. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.14.32; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.14.31; Roll #: 14 Title A name given to the resource Officials take fingerprints from braceros while others wait in line to be processed at the Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo Processing Center, Texas Rights Holder National Museum of American History https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/NAD-200401383413.jpg 02986e1db26abfba3e314f1391e09f7d Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource National Museum of American History, Division of Work and Industry Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Leonard Nadel Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956-00-00 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Museum of American History Relation A related resource See Nadel Footnotes, 16. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Restricted: no; Contact: NMAH Rights & Reproductions by email before distribution - rightsreproductions@si.edu Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Leonard Nadel Collection, NMAH. Catalogue #: 2004.0138.34.13; Negative #: NAD-2004.0138.34.13; Roll #: 34 Title A name given to the resource A bracero closes a full Toro lettuce box with a special tool in a field in the Salinas Valley, California. Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Salinas Valley, California Rights Holder National Museum of American History Lesson Plan Instructional materials. Standards U.S. History Standards Standard 3C-The student understands the effects of World War II at home. Standard 4A -The student understands the “Second Reconstruction” and its advancement of civil rights. Historical Thinking Standards Standard 2F-Appreciate historical perspectives Standard 2I-Draw upon the visual, literary, and musical sources Standard 4B-Obtain historical data Objectives Students will be better able to • describe aspects of the Bracero labor program, which operated from 1942 to 1964. • use photographs as primary resources. Materials •Photographs: several images are posted (photographs by Leonard Nadel) online at <a href="http://www.braceroarchive.org"> www.braceroarchive.org</a> and from the exhibition <a href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/onthemove/themes/story_51_5.html"> America on the Move</a> at the National Museum of American History •Bracero Photograph Analysis Worksheet <a href="../../../photoanalysis.pdf"> (Available at http://braceroarchive.org/photoanalysis.pdf) </a> •Computer with Internet access •Printer •Pen/pencil and paper Lesson Plan Text 1. Divide the class into small groups. In small groups, have students discuss the following: What is immigration? What news, commentaries or stories have you read or heard about immigration to the United States? Do you know anyone who has immigrated, either recently or in the past, to the U.S.? This discussion is to prompt a dialogue between students and should not include a lecture. Also, each student should have equal and ample opportunity to describe what she/he has heard or learned about immigration from outside the usual classroom context. To extend this discussion, consider having students create a concept web. ReadWriteThink offers an online Webbing Tool <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091220091418/https://www.readwritethink.org/student_mat/student_material.asp?id=38"> (http://readwritethink.org/student_mat/student_material.asp?id=38)</a> that allows students to create webs online and print them to share. 2. Have students write short statements summarizing their thoughts about immigration. 3. Introduce students to the history of the Bracero labor program using the attached Background Information. You may want to share the content orally or have students read the essay individually. 4. Divide the class into small groups. 5. Hand each group one of the attached photographs to analyze and one of the attached Bracero Photograph Analysis sheets. Have them complete the first two columns (“evidence” and “conclusions”) based on the photograph. <a href="../../../items/show/1497"> (Photo 1) </a><a href="../../../items/show/1750">(Photo 2) </a><a href="../../../items/show/2383">(Photo 3)</a><a href="../../../items/show/1842"> (Photo 4) </a><a href="../../../items/show/1337">(Photo 5)</a> 6. After groups have completed the first two columns on the Bracero Photograph Analysis worksheet, have them access the Internet and view the photograph’s descriptive information. 7. Have groups compare their “conclusions” to what is online. Students should compare their conclusions (column three in the Bracero Photograph Analysis Worksheet) to the information provided on the online title and description of the photograph. 8. Have students take notes on whether or not their conclusions match what is online. Are they the same? Different? What new information can be learned from the online title and description for the photograph? Record these notes in column four in the Bracero Photograph Analysis Worksheet. 9. Bring all of the small groups back together to report out on their findings. Be sure to ask them to mention the evidence they saw in the photographs that lead them to make conclusions. To extend this activity, consider having students combine their knowledge of the Bracero labor program with their earliest thoughts on immigration. Ask students to reflect on whether this new knowledge impact (changes, confirms) the thoughts that they wrote down earlier (Step 2). <a href="../../../PhotoAssessment.pdf">Download an Assessment Rubric for this Activity</a> <a href="../../../LearningFromPhotos.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Download this activity guide</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Activity-Learning from Photos Subject The topic of the resource braceros Description An account of the resource Best for students in grades six through twelve Students will discuss their thoughts on immigration, learn about the Bracero labor program, and use photographs to develop deeper understandings of the Bracero labor program. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Magdalena Mieri Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource James Halabuk Language A language of the resource eng Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Lesson Plan Instructional materials. Standards U.S. History Standards Standard 3C-The student understands the effects of World War II at home. Standard 4A -The student understands the “Second Reconstruction” and its advancement of civil rights. Historical Thinking Standards Standard 1. Chronological thinking Standard 2. Understands the historical perspective Standard 3. Historical Analysis and Interpretation Objectives Students will be better able to <ul> <li>describe aspects of the Bracero labor program, which operated from 1942 to 1964</li> <li>use documents as primary resources</li> </ul> Materials <ul> <li>Internet access</li> <li><a href="../../../USAmap.jpg">Map of the United States</a></li> <li>Color Printer</li> <li>Paper and pencils</li> <li><a href="../../../items/show/175">Interview with Juan Loza</a></li> </ul> Lesson Plan Text 1. Have students access the oral history of Juan Loza online at <a href="../../../items/show/175">http://braceroarchive.org/items/show/175</a> (Spanish speakers can listen to the oral history in Spanish. Students who are not fluent in Spanish can read the English transcription.) 2. Have students print out the English transcript and read it. Ask students to highlight all sections related to Mr. Loza’s contracting work, identifying: • every state and town where he worked • the crops he harvested • the dates he was in that location 3. Have students visit National Geographic’s Xpedition Atlas to select a map on which to plot their research. For a greater technical challenge, consider having students use customizable maps on <a href="http://maps.google.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">GoogleMaps</a> (http://maps.google.com/) to electronically plot their research. 4. Have students plot the locations where Mr. Loza worked. For each location, also note the crops he harvested in that location and the dates he mentions in connection with that location. 5. Have students connect the locations on their map, indicating the direction of travel with arrows. 6. Engage students in a discussion: • For how long was Juan Loza a bracero worker? What was the longest time he spent in one location? • What types of crops did he work on? • How many different work locations did he work? How do you think the travel between multiple work locations impacted his social or family life? • Why didn’t he pick one location and stay there? • Articulate some of the thoughts he might have had about the locations where he worked. How might he have compared different locations? How might he have responded emotionally to the migratory nature of his work? • For students with background knowledge on the bracero program, Judge whether Juan was better off working as a bracero in America or staying in his homeland. <a href="../../../TraceRouteBracero.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Download this activity guide</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Activity-Tracing the Route of a Bracero Subject The topic of the resource braceros Description An account of the resource Best for students in grades six through eight Students will examine an oral history related to the Bracero worker program and present their research on a map. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Magdalena Mieri Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource James Halabuk Language A language of the resource eng Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No Lesson Plan Instructional materials. Standards U.S. History Standards Standard 3C-The student understands the effects of World War II at home. Standard 4A -The student understands the “Second Reconstruction” and its advancement of civil rights. Historical Thinking Standards Standard 2. Understands the historical perspective Objectives Students will be better able to: <ul> <li>describe aspects of the Bracero labor program, which operated from 1942 to 1964.</li> <li>use documents as primary resources.</li> </ul> Materials <ul> <li>Public Law 45 available at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203013418/http://www.ccrh.org/comm/moses/primary/bracero.html">http://www.ccrh.org/comm/moses/primary/bracero.html</a></li> <li>Public Law 78 available at <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130201212122/http://library.uwb.edu/guides/USimmigration/1951_public_law_78.html">http://library.uwb.edu/guides/USimmigration/1951_public_law_78.html</a></li> <li>Documents, essays and photographs located at <a href="http://www.braceroarchive.org">http://www.braceroarchive.org</a></li> <li>Computer with Internet access</li> <li>Printer</li> <li>Pen, pencils and paper</li> </ul> Lesson Plan Text 1. Ask students to read the first two paragraphs Public Law 45 and section 501 Public Law 78 (Explain to students that they are reading primary documents; in this case, legislation which relates to the creation and implementation of the Bracero program in the United States.) Have them fill out the Document Analysis Worksheet (<a href="../../../DocumentAnalysisWorksheet.pdf">available at http://braceroarchive.org/DocumentAnalysisWorksheet.pdf</a>). For extra challenge, consider asking students to describe how these laws fit into or contrasted against other programs put in place by the presidents involved (Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, and Lyndon B. Johnson). For additional research into the presidents, consider visiting the online exhibition The American Presidency: A Glorious Burden (<a href="http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/home.html">http://americanhistory.si.edu/presidency/home.html</a>), from the National Museum of American History. 2. Have students search the Bracero Archive (<a href="../../..//">www.braceroarchive.org</a>) to research the living and working conditions of bracero program’s workers. Have students record the resources they examine and take notes of from each resource. 3. Using the evidence from their research, have students discuss this topic: Did farmers follow through with the laws and protections set forth by these laws? What evidence do you have to support your conclusion? <a href="../../../DocumentAssessment.pdf">Download an Assessment Rubric for this Activity</a> <a href="../../../LearningFromDocuments.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Download this activity guide</a> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Activity-Learning from Documents Subject The topic of the resource braceros Description An account of the resource Best for students in grades six through twelve Students will examine two public laws and other primary resources related to the Bracero worker program and apply their knowledge to evaluate whether the program was carried out as intended. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Magdalena Mieri Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource James Halabuk Language A language of the resource eng Contribution Form The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form. Online Submission Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form. No https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/carmen-quezada-1_a5f502638f.jpg 44cb6882de261a368e1e6d8d51192750 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 928 Height 1412 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Carmen Quezada Morales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource Work contract written in Spanish and issued by the Secretary of Labor for the United States. it was issued to J.C. Quezada Morales on November 28, 1952. It is signed by the Secretary of Labor and includes a fingerprint from J.C. Quezada Morales. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEP Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Title A name given to the resource Work Contract Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder J. Carmen Quezada Morales Temporal Coverage 1952-11-28 https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/carmen-quezada-2_f0665a5848.jpg bd4607a57707ab9762ca104a49e85096 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 928 Height 1416 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Carmen Quezada Morales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource Outside cover of a Certificate of Recognition. In Spanish it says "Honorable Mention" and was issued by the U.S. department of Labor. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEP Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Title A name given to the resource Certificate of Recognition (Cover) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder J. Carmen Quezada Morales https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/carmen-quezada-3-rotated_e6da58b646.jpg 8f607991eebb62c5aef07b895f09f407 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1856 Height 1100 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Carmen Quezada Morales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource Certificate of Merit issued by the Holly Sugar Corporation to J. Carmen Quezada Morales. It has a serial number of 1134. It lists his age, height, weight and the work that he performed. The certificate also lists the quality of work as "good". It is dated "1952" and has 'Worland, Wy." listed as the postal address. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEB Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Subject The topic of the resource certificate Title A name given to the resource Certificate of Merit Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Worland, Wyoming Rights Holder J. Carmen Quezada Morales Temporal Coverage 1952-00-00 https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/carmen-quezada-4-rotated_d6bb4ec39d.jpg 40dd9d098f7f6e699bc40dac5529ba89 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1104 Height 732 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Carmen Quezada Morales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource Front side of an identification (MICA) card. It reads 'ALIEN LABORER'S IDENTIFICATION CARD" on the top and has a picture of the individual below. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEB Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Subject The topic of the resource Identification Card Title A name given to the resource Identification Card (front) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder J. Carmen Quezada Morales https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/carmen-quezada-5-rotated_e7f4ecda41.jpg 720fe4901b61a65f9c47b9f772818f25 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 1104 Height 736 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Carmen Quezada Morales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource Backside of a MICA card for J. Carmen Quezada Morales. Lists a birthdate, address, and birthplace. Also lists date and place of admission to the U.S.. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEB Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Subject The topic of the resource Identification Card Title A name given to the resource Identification Card Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Hidalgo, Texas Rights Holder J. Carmen Quezada Morales Temporal Coverage 1960-05-16 https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/carmen-quezada-6-rotated_aef7a73d99.jpg 100722617860ab77fd92b170dd2eab29 Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 2180 Height 968 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource J. Carmen Quezada Morales Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource A confederate note from 1861 issued in the amount of $1000 confederate dollars. The top reads "Twelve months after date" at the top. it's number 297 and says that it is "One Thousand Dollars with interest at Ten cents pr. day". The date is listed as May 28, 1861 and the location is Montgomery. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEB Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Subject The topic of the resource Money Title A name given to the resource Confederate Money Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Spatial Coverage Montgomery Rights Holder J. Carmen Quezada Morales Temporal Coverage 1861-05-28 https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/back-of-photo-1952-rotated_a043e28a6d.jpg 0c27d2d1424a248f7ef4b9c3c182d83a Omeka Image File The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files. Width 3320 Height 2128 Bit Depth 8 Channels 3 IPTC Array a:0:{} Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kristen Chasse Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Jose Porras Valadez Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2009-08-03 Description An account of the resource Backside of a family photograph. In Spanish there are the names and ages of five children listed (presumably the children in the picture) as well as a date, November 26 1952. Language A language of the resource eng Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available UTEB Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource UTEB Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Manuel Doblado Subject The topic of the resource Photograph Title A name given to the resource Photograph (backside) Additional Item Metadata The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items. Rights Holder Jose Porras Valadez Temporal Coverage 1952-11-26