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Summary of Interview:  Mr. Gray briefly talks about his father who passed away in 1956 and how he went back home afterward to help take over the farm; although his father had mechanical pickers, it was too wet to use them in 1957, and John had to employ the help of braceros; he explains that at the time, farmers were financed through cotton gins, which is how they were able to hire braceros; they were transported to the gins in trailer trucks with open backs, where they all stood to accommodate greater numbers; John spoke a little bit of Spanish and served as a secretary for the local association to help coordinate which braceros went where; he kept groups of braceros together as often as he could; the farmers were responsible for providing housing, bedding, stoves, pots, pans and two burners for every three men; in addition, each bracero was given $5.00 and taken to the store to buy groceries; he also explains that the town of Caraway, Arkansas had a population of one thousand people, and the five thousand men that the bracero program brought provided a huge boost in the economy; most braceros were particularly drawn to buying pocket knives; John relates a humorous incident in which his men tried to cook soybeans to eat, but they became very ill due to the excessive oil; he even tried to take them into town for a drink once, but he lost too many of them in the whore house and decided not to do that again; even so, he remembers thinking of himself as pretty tough, but the braceros even outworked him; until then he had never seen anyone work as hard.&#13;
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          <description>Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)</description>
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          <description>Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)</description>
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          <element elementId="62">
            <name>Title</name>
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&#13;
Summary of Interview:  Mr. Beasley describes his family and what his life was like growing up; he also talks about his wife and children; during the midfifties, his father asked him to help with the family farm and the partnership of CJ Beasley and Sons; the dwindling labor supply led to their hiring of braceros, particularly for help with cotton, their primary crop; they took on thirty-five to forty braceros per season, and they stayed for contracts of roughly two and a half months; the farmers were required to provide basic necessities such as housing, bedding and cooking supplies; in addition, the braceros were given picking sacks, which were roughly seven feet long and could hold up to one hundred pounds; there was always at least one man in the group of braceros who spoke English and served as a leader; he would receive pay for all the workers and distribute it accordingly; he was also responsible for helping the men buy groceries; Vance repeatedly mentions the incredible work ethic of the braceros; they picked cotton better than any other workers; in fact, he mentions an instance in which he hired workers from Memphis, Tennessee, but they drank too much and did not pick the row of cotton as clean as the braceros did; he found it easier to pay them to leave; eventually, mechanization took over and eliminated the need for manual labor, which in his opinion, ultimately led to the end of the bracero program.&#13;
&#13;
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              <elementText elementTextId="62855">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62856">
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        <name>Contribution Form</name>
        <description>The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Online Submission</name>
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                <text>No</text>
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          <element elementId="99">
            <name>Title</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62858">
                <text>Vance E. Beasley</text>
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          <element elementId="102">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Mireya Loza</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="107">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62861">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="110">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62862">
                <text>English</text>
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        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>title (Spanish)</name>
            <description>Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62863">
                <text>Vance E. Beasley</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>creator (Spanish)</name>
            <description>Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62864">
                <text>Mireya Loza</text>
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          <element elementId="66">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62865">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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        </elementContainer>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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        <src>https://braceroarchive.org/files/original/beasley_ark04_df7c0db9a4.mp3</src>
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          <name>Interviewee</name>
          <description>The person(s) being interviewed.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="62846">
              <text>Digital, WAV, MP3</text>
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          <name>Duration</name>
          <description>Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)</description>
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          <description>Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)</description>
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              <text>24 k/ 96 bit</text>
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          <description>The identifier for the sound file.</description>
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          <element elementId="62">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Thom E. Beasley</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Biographical Synopsis of Interviewee:  Thom E. Beasley was born in 1949, in East Central Arkansas, between Hughes and Forrest City, Arkansas; his grandfather, father and uncle owned a farming partnership by the name of CJ Beasley and Sons; they had roughly five thousand acres of land, one thousand five hundred of which were dedicated to cotton alone; they hired workers throughout the duration of the bracero program.&#13;
&#13;
Summary of Interview:  Mr. Beasley talks about his family as well as the farming partnership owned by his grandfather, father and uncle, by the name of CJ Beasley and Sons; although the bracero program began before Thom was born, he remembers braceros being around as he was growing up, until the program ended in 1964; the braceros came to the farm headquarters, and from there they were taken to tenant houses in school buses; they slept in bunk beds and were supplied with mattresses, blankets, cooking and heating stoves and propane; although there was no indoor plumbing, they did have outhouses; moreover, they stayed in the same places the year-round employees did; oftentimes, the same braceros were hired; Thom recalls that one of their biggest complaints was about the water, because it gave them gas due to the high levels of calcium and iron; if they were ever sick, they were taken to the doctor in town; the braceros’ daily routine consisted of making and eating breakfast very early, and then picking in the fields until 11:00 AM, at which point they made lunch and took a siesta until about 2:30 PM, before returning to pick until dark; there were never any problems with their siesta, because they prepared their food from scratch and still managed to out produce everyone else; braceros often picked an average of five hundred pounds of cotton per day; some picked up to seven hundred pounds; Thom repeatedly mentions how amazed and impressed they all were at the braceros’ work ethic; he also mentions a curious incident in which a few years after the program ended, he found a field of marijuana growing behind the tenant houses where the braceros had lived.&#13;
&#13;
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          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62830">
                <text>Melaney Bowman</text>
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          <element elementId="52">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62831">
                <text>2008-09-26</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62832">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62833">
                <text>English</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="8">
        <name>Contribution Form</name>
        <description>The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Online Submission</name>
            <description>Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62834">
                <text>No</text>
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          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="9">
        <name>Dublin Core (Spanish)</name>
        <description>Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="99">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62835">
                <text>Thom E. Beasley</text>
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          <element elementId="102">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62836">
                <text>Melaney Bowman</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62837">
                <text>2008-09-28</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="107">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62838">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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          <element elementId="110">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62839">
                <text>English</text>
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          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="3">
        <name>Additional Item Metadata</name>
        <description>The additional item metadata element set, consisting of all item elements created by an administrator and not assigned to an item type, and item elements created by plugins and not assigned to an item type or other element set. Additionally, the metadata element set that, in addition to the Dublin Core element set, was included in the `items` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all Omeka items.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="37">
            <name>title (Spanish)</name>
            <description>Spanish version of the 'title' Dublin Core field.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62840">
                <text>Thom E. Beasley</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>creator (Spanish)</name>
            <description>Spanish version of the 'creator' Dublin Core field.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62841">
                <text>Melany Bowman</text>
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          <element elementId="66">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62842">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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    </elementSetContainer>
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  <item itemId="3075" public="1" featured="0">
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          <name>Interviewer</name>
          <description>The person(s) performing the interview.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="62773">
              <text>Simon Hosken</text>
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          <name>Interviewee</name>
          <description>The person(s) being interviewed.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="62774">
              <text>Sam Ashworth</text>
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        <element elementId="4">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description>The location of the interview.</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="62775">
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        <element elementId="7">
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="62776">
              <text>Digital, WAV, MP3</text>
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        <element elementId="11">
          <name>Duration</name>
          <description>Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)</description>
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        <element elementId="15">
          <name>Bit Rate/Frequency</name>
          <description>Rate at which bits are transferred (i.e. 96 kbit/s would be FM quality audio)</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="62778">
              <text>24 k/ 96 bit</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>File Name Identifier</name>
          <description>The identifier for the sound file.</description>
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        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="62">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62758">
                <text>Sam Ashworth</text>
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          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62759">
                <text>Farmer </text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62760">
                <text>Simon Hosken</text>
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          <element elementId="52">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62761">
                <text>2008-09-23</text>
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          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62762">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, University of Texas at El Paso</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62763">
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      <elementSet elementSetId="8">
        <name>Contribution Form</name>
        <description>The set of elements containing metadata from the Contribution form.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Online Submission</name>
            <description>Indicates whether or not this Item has been contributed from a front-end contribution form.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62764">
                <text>No</text>
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          </element>
        </elementContainer>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="9">
        <name>Dublin Core (Spanish)</name>
        <description>Spanish-language version of the Dublin Core element set.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="99">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="62765">
                <text>Sam Ashworth</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="102">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62766">
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          <element elementId="105">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="62767">
                <text>2008-09-23</text>
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            <description>Spanish version of the 'contributor' Dublin Core field.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8935">
                <text>Cristóbal Borges</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="66">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description/>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="42124">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Contributor</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="13722">
                <text>Cristóbal Borges</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="16713">
                <text>Navarro, Kristine</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="41021">
                <text>Valdez, Louise</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="56">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="23827">
                <text>spa</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="59">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="29318">
                <text>Institute of Oral History, The University of Texas at El Paso</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="61">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="34758">
                <text>bracero</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="62">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="36046">
                <text>Louise Valdez</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
